Friday, 5 December 2014

Gothic Horror: Chiaroscuro

Chiaroscuro is used by artists and cinematographers all around the world and they are used to create a shadowy effect and show strong contrasts between light and dark.  It is often used to make a dramatic and noticeable effects in movies.


This picture is taken by the 1922 film, Nosferatu.  Chiaroscuro is used here to create an effect in the movie but it also helps create an effect on the audience.  The effect this picture has is it helps create a scarier atmosphere.  It makes the audience question what is going to happen next and it also confuses the audience as they cannot see Nosferatu's facial expression so they cannot figure out how he is feeling.  Shadows are usually a fear that people have when they can see them in the dark so this picture could highlight people's fears.


Another famous example of Chiaroscuro being used in movies is in the film Frankenstein.


The use of chiaroscuro here highlights the monster's features.  It makes the monster look a lot scarier than he is and it creates the dark, evil atmosphere.  This makes the picture scarier and the fact that you cannot see into his eyes as they just look white.  The monster being in the dark also highlights the audience's fears as they would be scared of being in the dark and having monsters under the bed.  

Chiaroscuro seems to be used mainly in horror films that were made in the 1920s.  I believe that they made a scarier effect and a more tense atmosphere and I believe that they scared the audience more.

Audience Research

Audience Research

Who is the target audience of horror films?
The target audience of horror films are usually either teenagers or adults but most horror films try to appeal to both.  There are many reasons why teenagers and adults enjoy horror movies but the main reason is the pleasure and thrill that they get whilst watching these movies.

However, different sub-genres appeal to different audiences.  Supernatural horror is specifically targeted for teenagers now as it reflects teenagers’ fears however slasher horror may appeal to the older generation as that was their fears when they were younger.  Comedy horror may appeal to all as they are just parodies of horror films.


What do they like?
According to my research, people like horror films as they find them scary and exciting.  They like to be scared.  They also like the tense atmosphere and they like not knowing what is going to happen next.  They also seem to enjoy the adrenaline rush that they feel whilst watching these movies as their heart rate quickens. 

Brophy (1986) stated “The pleasure of the text is, in fact, getting the shit scared out of you- and loving it; an exchange mediated by adrenaline.”


According to my research and the people I asked, my findings seem to agree with Brophy’s quote as people do enjoy watching horror films for the excitement and the scariness.

The Final Destination - Timeline of Film Opening


I learnt from 'The Final Destination' title sequence that the actors names go at the beginning of the title sequence as they are the main actors.  The most important people that made the film such as the producers, writers, editors and the director goes towards the end as they are the ones that made the movie and they are important.  The musician usually goes in the middle.  The main title is shown in the beginning for the first three seconds which is quite typical of a movie as normally the main title is either shown at the beginning or at the end.

Film Openings Likes and Dislikes

Film Certification

Film Certification


Who decides the certificates given to a film?

The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) decides the certificates that are given to a film.  They do this to protect children from sights that they shouldn’t be exposed to.


How do they decide?

BBFC watch the films all the way through and award a suitable age rating for the film.  To reach an age rating, they apply the standards and criteria of their Classification Guidelines.  Usually, two examiners view a film to make sure it is suitable for theatrical release.  In most cases, they will have a senior examiner confirming their choices.  The same process is done before DVD and Blu-Ray releases.  When watching the movies, they take into account the language used, nudity, sex, drugs and violence before making their decision.


What does each film certificate mean?

U stands for Universal.  This means the movie is suitable for audiences aged four or above.  Films that are rated U are aimed at very young viewers.  Most U’s are animated but they are always directed towards younger children.

PG stands for Parental Guidance.  Some PG films are not made for younger audiences but younger people may watch if they have their parents’ permission.  The certificate means that any issues in the film are appropriate for majority of the age groups and nothing should be too upsetting for a child aged 8 or over.

12A and 12 rated movies are suitable for people ages 12 or over.  To see a 12A in the cinema, younger people can watch it if they are accompanied by an adult. 

15 means that nobody under the age of 15 can see a 15 film at the cinema or buy/rent a film rated 15.  Films rated 15 may contain strong violence, strong language and portrayals of sexual activity.      

The rating of 18 means that the films are rated specifically for adults.  In an 18 there is usually strong violence and language and may contain strong horror (in horror movies).  Other movies may include scenes of sexual violence.

Tuesday, 25 November 2014


The poster seems to be set indoors which is where the movie is mainly set and the walls are grey which could indicate loneliness which may be how the villain in the movie feels. The girl in the photo seems to be quite young and she could be the victim which would be a typical representation in horror movies. The girl seems to have drawn an evil villain’s face on the walls in blood, the villain appears to be male which is very stereotypical in horror films as the villain is usually represented as male and the victim is usually represented as female. Blood could indicate death and also pain that could be experienced by the victims in the film. The blood is also dark which would highlight that there is evil and an element of danger in the film. It also suggests that the villain does not use weapons to attack his victim which means that the film could be based on supernatural horror rather than a slasher. The title also seems to be written in a rather sinister and creepy way which highlights the movie and makes us feel anxious and curious about what is going to happen in the film. The tagline reads 'Once you see him, nothing can save you.', which makes the audience feel nervous and scared for the characters involved the film. The victim on the poster seems to be wearing white which symbolises purity and innocence as they are children which also shows that they are vulnerable. This is contrasted to the villain who is shown to be quite dark and mysterious and frightening. The young girl also seems to be smearing the blood as if it is on her hands which could symbolise that the villain has total control over the young girl as she is vulnerable.

Sound in Film Openings

Thursday, 25 September 2014

Representation of Age Essay

How are young people and adults represented in the media?

Young people and adults are portrayed quite differently in the media.  Young people are typically represented as rebellious people and adults are typically portrayed as responsible.  The media usually portrays teenagers in a negative light but adults usually get represented in a positive light.  Teenagers are also shown in the media as lazy and disrespectful.  Adults are shown in the media as hard-working and respectful and well-mannered.

In the television extract, ‘Representation of Age – Monarch of The Glen’, the teenagers are represented as irresponsible and they don’t listen to the adults whereas the adults are represented as responsible and intelligent.  This is quite a stereotypical representation of teenagers and it also shows that teenagers lie to impress, as shown in the TV extract as the girl lies about her age to her boyfriend. 

However, in the TV extract, the adults are shown to be intelligent and responsible and know what is right or wrong.  They are also displayed as very mature and wise.  They always seem to know what is right or wrong and that is shown in the TV extract when the girl’s father is telling her off for lying.

From the pictures, it is shown that both age groups are also presented very stereotypically.  In the pictures, the teenagers are represented as dangerous and hard to approach as they seem to have a hard exterior and they can be quite threatening as they seem to have a challenging exterior.  They also seem to be irresponsible and they have no cares in the world.  They are also portrayed as happy and fun and rebellious.  They are usually shown to be interested in only alcohol, drugs, sex and relationships which is an inaccurate representation.

Also, from the pictures, it shows that adults are smart and responsible.  Adults are also shown as very hard-working.  Older adults seem to be wise and quite frail which is very stereotypical as not all old people are this way in reality.  The media can exaggerate on how they represent adults as some adults are not wise and responsible. 

On TV shows such as ‘Hollyoaks’ or ‘Eastenders’, the teenagers are shown as rebellious and always drinking alcohol or smoking which shows that they don’t listen to others and are only interested in relationships and there are barely any responsible and mature teenagers.  Whereas, the adults are mostly shown as wise and responsible but there are a few exceptions which makes this a lot more realistic.

The media shows that ‘popular’ teenagers drink or smoke or take drugs which also encourages other teenagers to do it and it will lead to plenty of health problems.  It encourages teenagers as they feel they will fit in and it ruins the reputation of young people and portrays them as rebellious.  On the other side, it is also shown on television that teenagers who study are boring and young people will not want to work as they will feel that they are boring and will not participate in school work.


However, adults can be portrayed negatively in the media as they are shown to have no understanding on how to deal with children and teenagers and it also shows that adults have problems communicating with the younger generation as it is also shown that teenagers have no respect for adults.  Adults lives’ are usually portrayed in the media as happy and stress-free but the reality is the complete opposite.  Adults lead very stressful lives due to work and children so the media is not always correct.

Educating Wokingham


Representation of Age Words


Young
Old
Rebellious
Serious
Reckless
Stern
Active
Stuck in their ways
Energetic
Boring
Fun
Frail
Irresponsible
Wise
Strong
Forgetful
Exciting
Weak